Computers
1. What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data. It takes input, processes it according to instructions (software), and gives output.
2. Main Components of a Computer
A computer has two main parts: Hardware and Software.
a) Hardware (Physical parts you can touch):
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Input devices: Devices used to give data to the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
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Output devices: Devices used to get results from the computer (e.g., monitor, printer).
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Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer; it processes data.
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Memory / Storage:
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RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory, fast, cleared when power is off.
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Hard Drive / SSD: Permanent storage for files and programs.
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b) Software (Programs and instructions):
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System software: Helps run the computer (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS).
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Application software: Programs for specific tasks (e.g., Microsoft Word, web browsers, games).
3. Types of Computers
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Supercomputers: Extremely fast; used for scientific simulations.
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Mainframe computers: Large; used by big organizations for processing lots of data.
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Personal computers (PCs): Desktop or laptop; used by individuals.
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Mobile devices: Smartphones, tablets; small computers in your pocket.
4. How Computers Work (Simplified)
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Input: Data is entered (e.g., typing a document).
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Processing: CPU processes the data.
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Storage: Data is temporarily or permanently stored.
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Output: Results are displayed (e.g., document appears on screen).
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